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Free Download Vlad Spanu, "Historical Dictionary of Moldova"
English | 2007 | ISBN: 0810856077 | EPUB | pages: 496 | 2.6 mb
The Republic of Moldova claims a European lineage reaching back in time long before its 14th century accession to statehood. In the 15th century, it managed against all odds to avoid being conquered by Islam and―albeit an intermittent vassal after 1485―it maintained its autonomy and was never turned into a province of the Ottoman Empire. After this period, however, Moldova would not be so fortunate, as it altered between Russian, Romanian, and Soviet control until it finally gained its independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union.

Free Download Ronald Bruce St John, "Historical Dictionary of Libya"
English | 2014 | ISBN: 0810878755 | EPUB | pages: 550 | 1.0 mb
Of all the states of the Middle East and North Africa, Libya has long been the country about which the least is known. It is only in recent times that scholars and the general public alike have begun to appreciate the complexity of Libya's turbulent history including the recent February 17th Revolution in 2011 when protests broke out throughout Libya, demanding better living conditions and more job opportunities. When the Qaddafi regime responded with force, killing scores of unarmed civilians, the protesters called for regime change. In what came to be known as the February 17th Revolution, the Qaddafi regime was overthrown and Qaddafi was killed in October 2011. In July 2012, the Libyan people elected a General National Congress charged with overseeing the drafting of a new constitution and the election of a national government.

Free Download Thomas P. Ofcansky, "Historical Dictionary of Kenya"
English | 2014 | ISBN: 0810856379 | EPUB | pages: 582 | 0.8 mb
Kenya has a long and complex history that began thousands of years ago. Indeed, some archaeologists contend that the country was the "cradle of mankind" or, at the very least, one of the places that was home to the earliest hominids. In later centuries, Kenya's strategic location astride the Indian Ocean and the East African littoral attracted numerous foreign peoples, some of the most significant of which have been the Americans, Arabs, British, Chinese, French, Germans, and Portuguese. Additionally, Africans from throughout the subcontinent have settled in Kenya to escape conflict or political persecution, while others wanted an opportunity to begin a new life. As a result of being a gateway to the world, the country traditionally has been one of the most important business, cultural, diplomatic, and political centers in Africa. Although it has maintained this reputation during the post-independence period, Kenya, like most African countries, has been plagued by an increasing array of complex economic, political, and social problems.

Free Download Ross Eaman, "Historical Dictionary of Journalism"
English | 2009 | ISBN: 0810860759, 0810871548 | EPUB | pages: 432 | 1.6 mb
Journalism is the discipline of gathering, writing, and reporting news, and it includes the process of editing and presenting news articles. Journalism applies to various media, including but not limited to newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet. The word 'journalist' started to become common in the early 18th century to designate a new kind of writer, about a century before 'journalism' made its appearance to describe what those writers produced. Though varying in form from one age and society to another, it gradually distinguished itself from other forms of writing through its focus on the present, its eye-witness perspective, and its reliance on everyday language.

Free Download Bernard Reich, David H. Goldberg, "Historical Dictionary of Israel"
English | 2016 | ISBN: 1442271841 | EPUB | pages: 780 | 1.8 mb
Since its creation, the State of Israel has been a magnet for attention. A country beset by conflict in its region and faced with the need to integrate mainly Jewish immigrants of disparate backgrounds into a modern and advanced democratic state and society, Israel has preoccupied observers, scholars and journalists since its independence in May 1948. Although a Jewish state Israel is also a democratic state that guarantees the rights of all of its citizens, including its large Arab and Moslem minority, in law and in practice. Israel and its modern history and politics have been the subject of substantial and often highly partisan literature, being hotly and vigorously debated both at home and abroad.

Free Download David Owusu-Ansah, "Historical Dictionary of Ghana"
English | 2014 | ISBN: 0810872420 | EPUB | pages: 514 | 1.0 mb
Ghana, the former British colony of the Gold Coast, is historically known for being the first country to the south of the Sahara to attain political independence from colonial rule. It is known for its exports of cocoa and a variety of minerals, especially gold, and it is now an oil exporting country. But Ghana's importance to the African continent is not only seen in its natural resources or its potential to expand its agricultural output. Rather the nation's political history of nationalism, the history of military engagement in politics, record of economic depression and the ability to rise from the ashes of political and economic decay is the most unique character of the country.

Free Download Farid Mirbagheri, "Historical Dictionary of Cyprus"
English | 2009 | ISBN: 0810855267 | EPUB | pages: 288 | 1.5 mb
Rich with a history stretching back thousands of years and endowed with an Eastern heart and a Western mind, the Mediterranean island of Cyprus is a tourist destination for millions of visitors from around the world every year. However, this beauty of the landscape has been somewhat marred by the political problem that has engulfed the island for nearly half a century. Nicosia, the only divided city in Europe represents the division that now exists geographically and politically between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. Separated by United Nations forces along a line that cuts right across the island, known as the Green Line, the two main Cypriot communities have now lived apart for decades.

Free Download Barry M. Gough, "Historical Dictionary of Canada"
English | 2010 | ISBN: 0810854961 | EPUB | pages: 548 | 0.7 mb
Once on the margins of European empires, notably those of France, England and Spain, then a focus of international rivalries and wars during the 18th century, Canada is now a nation that is front and center in the world's affairs. Canada's emergence as a modern industrial nation and a key player in the resource, commodities, and financial institutions that make up today's world shows many aspects of what ex-colonial powers have gone through―except that compromise and reform rather than revolution and revolt have been the cardinal historical features.

Free Download John Grasso, "Historical Dictionary of Basketball"
English | 2010 | ISBN: 081086763X, 1442255331 | EPUB | pages: 532 | 0.5 mb
In less than 120 years an activity invented by one man to alleviate winter boredom for a college gym class has evolved into a worldwide multi-billion dollar enterprise. It is impossible for Dr. James Naismith, basketball's inventor, to have envisioned the extent to which his simple game would reach. Without major changes to his original 13 rules, basketball is now played in more than 200 countries by people of all ages. Thanks to basketball, players like Michael Jordan, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, Larry Bird, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant, and Shaquille O'Neal have become some of the most famous people in the world.

Free Download Paula Sutter Fichtner, "Historical Dictionary of Austria"
English | 2009 | ISBN: 0810855925 | EPUB | pages: 504 | 1.9 mb
Austrians today often seem to believe that they have two histories. One is their republican present; the other, the centuries that their forebears spent as part of the multi-ethnic Habsburg Empire. Contemporary Austria is a fixture among Europe's democracies. Yet, it did not achieve this state easily: World War I, the unification with Germany in 1938, and World War II were catastrophes for Austria. In 1995, it became part of the European Union, and its government, culture, and egalitarian economy are far cries from the monarchical and highly stratified society of the old Empire.